When using SCADA, it is advised to differentiate network Levels specified by ISA-99, as shown in figure 3.įigure 2 SCADA Network, in accordance with ISA-99īy applying a firewall in an ICS network environment enables: When entering a different network level, securing the accessibility by integrating a firewall on either side prevents unwanted access. In this manner with SCADA the orchestrated network architecture is not only configurable hardware wise but also software wise, mitigating the vulnerabilities.Īside from these measures, there are well developed Network Security Solutions practices, such as firewalls and Demilitarized Zones (DMZ). The SCADA environment should enable users to only access the assigned dedicated areas. This requires a different IT security strategy and network orchestration.īy dividing the plant and/or process network into separate areas with, for example dedicated Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN), it decreases the risk of vulnerability in case of a cyber-attack. With that, the effects of internet and public networking are inevitable. Network Protectionįrom a stand-alone process network, SCADA has developed into a geographically distributed system. These attacks can range from disconnecting a cable to deliberately pushing a virus by USB or installing a key logger for espionage purposes.Īside from malicious incidents, unexpected infections are becoming more common, for instance by using an infected USB stick.īy implementing proven methods of system hardening and company security regulations these risks are mitigated. Attacks can be carried out by malicious individuals who have unsecured physical access to the system. The first layer of defense is by Physical Protection. The following chapters will go into detail on these topics. The diagram below displays a structured overview of SCADA cyber security elements. Insufficient attention to cyber security by IA end users can have a tangible negative impact on Health, Safety, Quality of the Environment and lead to economic loss. Permissions, Privileges and Access Controls.As figure 1 shows most common vulnerabilities in ICS can be found in: By introducing accessibility to ICS it can compromise the availability, because it becomes more exposed to cyber security vulnerabilities. More recently the industry desires an additional strong requirement, namely more accessibility by interconnecting the SCADA, therewith the process systems, with the enterprise network. The demand for high availability remains the number one requirement within the industry. The Industrial Control Systems (ICS), including SCADA, are known for their high availability. The objective of this report is to inform about the range of vulnerabilities in the current use of SCADA systems and to provide solutions to mitigate cyber-attacks. Figure 1 ANSI/ISA-99 shows the different priorities of the two environments. Most notable difference is the high availability demand within IA, which complicates security. The demands by IA differ from the usability requirements within general purpose IT. Unfortunately not all solutions are applicable for IA and control systems. The general purpose Information Technology (IT) systems provides well developed IT security solutions with proven technology. This philosophy has changed significantly since the introduction of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). Initially, the internet and office domain were not in direct connection with the process control network. There was a valid reason for the industry wide reticence, given that there were no direct vulnerabilities. Since the beginning of IA, the global approach for security technologies has been reserved. OpreX IT/OT Security Operations Center (SOC)ĭue to current events of target virus attacks such as Stuxnet and Flame, the demand for cyber security has become high priority within Industrial Automation (IA). OpreX Data Model Broker / Design Data Validation Predictive Maintenance of Pump Cavitation (Cavitation Detection System)Īdvanced Analytical Instrument Management System (AMADAS)įluidCom™ Chemical Injection Flow Controller Mobile Field Device Management (FieldMate) Remote Plant Performance Operation and Remote Consulting (Digital Twin) OpreX Laboratory Information Management System Platform for Advanced Control and Estimation (Advanced Process Control) Cloud Inventory Management Solutions (Web*VMI™)
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